HISTORY OF COMPUTERS 

   Computers are tools used to process the data according to the procedure that have been formulated. Computer was the word originally used to describe people who did arithmetical work with or without assistive devices, but then the the word was transferred to the machine itself. 

       Originally the computer was made to do processing of information exclusively related arithmetic problems, but in modern computers can do much more than solving arithmetical sums. 

      Broadly, the computer can be defined as an electronic device that consists of several components, which can work together between the components with one another to produce an information based on existing programs and data. The computer components are included: Screen Monitors, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and Printer (as a complement). Without a computer printer can still perform his duties as a data processor, but the extent visible on the screen monitor is not yet in print form (paper).

             

       In such a definition have a tool like a slide rule, mechanical calculator types ranging from abacus and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. The term better suited to a broad sense such as "computer" is "that process information" or "information processing systems."

       Today, computers are becoming more sophisticated. However, before the computer is not as small, sophisticated, cool and light as now. In the history of computers, there are 5 generations of computer history        

         1. FIRST GENERATION (1944-1959)

Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, a typical first-generation computer. Initially, vacuum tubes (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of the signal amplifier. Raw materials consist of glass, so much has disadvantages, such as: easily broken, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serves as a coolant

And with the additional component, the computer finally appeared to be a big, heavy and expensive. In 1946, the world's first electronic computer the ENIAC sesai made. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the point that requires a separate classroom.

In the seems image ENIAC computer ,which is the world's first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons ,length 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power  

 2.SECOND GENERATION (1960-1964)    

The transistor is a hallmark of second generation of computer. The raw materials in it had three layers which were named "basic", "collector" and "emitter". The transistor is an abbreviation of the transfer resistor, which means that by influencing two of the three layers, power which is the next layer gets affected. 

Thus, the transistor functions as a signal amplifier. As a solid component, a transistor has many advantages, that it is not easily broken, does not distribute the heat, and thus the computers are becoming smaller and cheaper  

In the 1960s, IBM introduced the commercial machine that uses transistors and is widely used starting in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial machine that uses transistors.
This computer is designed to solve all kinds of jobs both scientific and commercial. Because of its speed and ability, leading to the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers are: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and the Honeywell Model 800.